Deep varicose veins are a very unpleasant and rather dangerous lesion of the venous vessels of the circulatory system.
Deep venous varicose veins of the lower limbs are a pathology that spreads to the vessels that pass into the muscular structures of the legs. The lengthening and expansion of the venous vessels significantly alters blood flow and becomes the cause of the onset and progression of thrombosis.
The danger of this disease lies in the emergence of a high probability of detachment of a thrombus formed on the vessel wall and its transport to the pulmonary artery.
When this disease occurs, an irreversible process of lengthening and expansion of the venous vessels occurs. With the progression of the process there is a thinning of the venous wall and the formation of nodes that prevent the free transport of blood through the vessels.
Very often people between the ages of 30 and 40 are affected by this disease.
The causes of the appearance and development of the disease can be a variety of adverse factors. Varicose veins are the result of a severe blood circulation disorder in a specific area of the lower limbs.
With the development of the disease in the patient, trophic ulcers may appear in the place of disturbances of blood circulation processes, which can provoke the appearance of gangrene - a condition that requires amputation of the affected part of the limb.
Furthermore, VRV can cause deformation of the muscles of the lower limbs and the formation of a thrombus with its possible subsequent separation and transport to the pulmonary artery can be fatal.
The main factors contributing to the onset of the disorder and its progression are the following:
Furthermore, the causes of the disease can be:
In addition, cellulite can become the cause of the development of pathologies.
Early identification of the disease allows the visit of a qualified phlebolg at the first suspicion of the onset of the disease.
Very often, in the initial stage of progression, the disease is manifested by the appearance of a feeling of slight fatigue in the legs after prolonged static load or after taking a long walk. Also, during this period, a small swelling of the tissues of the extremities appears.
The most common symptoms of the disorder appear at the end of the day and gradually disappear with a long rest. When these signs appear, it is necessary to consult a phlebologist and conduct special studies to identify and clarify the presence of pathology.
The use of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods allows us to identify the degree of development of the disease and make a decision on the use of a timely and adequate course of treatment of the disease. With further progression of the disease, it passes to more advanced stages, characterized by the appearance of a whole spectrum of symptoms and signs characteristic of a progressive disease.
For the advanced stages of the disease, the following symptoms are characteristic:
Further progression of the disease leads to the appearance of small wounds that cannot heal for a long time and subsequently turn into trophic ulcers.
In the absence of adequate and timely treatment, the development of the disease for the patient can be fatal. The progression of varicose veins leads to a gradual deformation of muscle structures and the appearance of negative changes in the skin and bone mass.
With prolonged progression, the patient develops signs of eczema and forms trophic ulcers that can turn into gangrene. Leading to sepsis or death.
The process of thrombus formation develops in the venous vessels affected by varicose veins. As a result of this process, the formed thrombus is able to break off and be transported through the circulatory system.
When a blood clot enters the pulmonary artery, it becomes blocked and a person dies.
An experienced phlebologist can determine the presence of varicose veins of the lower extremities by means of characteristic symptoms that are clearly visible even in the photo of the legs, but the methods of treating the disease are selected individually after a detailed examination of the patient and takingaccount of all the individual characteristics of his body.
Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods are used to identify the presence and stage of development of the disease. Laboratory methods include a general analysis of blood and urine.
The most common method of instrumental diagnostics is the use of ultrasound examination of the venous vessels of the legs. This technique allows you to visualize the vascular system and identify the degree of progress of the pathological process.
In addition, if necessary, the attending physician prescribes the following:
The use of venous occlusive plethysmography allows you to reveal the volume of blood in the veins of the lower limbs.
Only after a complete examination and obtaining the results, the patient is assigned an appropriate course of treatment.
Modern medicine offers several options for the treatment of the disease: drugs, non-medicinal and surgical.
In parallel, after consultation with the attending physician, you can use non-traditional and alternative methods of treatment at home.
Surgery is the most reliable way to cure the disease. The use of drug therapy in the form of tablets, special ointments and gels for external use can play a complementary role and is, in fact, supportive therapy.
The use of drug therapy involves the use of different types of drugs during treatment: anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, venotonic and fibrinolytic action
Anticoagulants thin the blood and prevent the formation of blood clots. Anti-inflammatory drugs contribute to the relief of inflammatory processes in the walls of the venous vessels. Venotonics increases the tone of the vein walls and fibrinolytics help dissolve small clots and help clean the venous bed.
Thanks to the use of drugs, very often the disappearance of such a manifestation of the disease as edema, in addition to this, an improvement in the condition of the superficial skin is observed. The main condition for the use of medicines is strict adherence to the doctor's recommendations and compliance with the dosages of the drugs taken.
For a complete cure of varicose veins, surgery is recommended.
In addition, surgical methods are used in the absence of positive dynamics during drug therapy.
The most common methods of surgical treatment of the disease are:
Sclerotherapy involves the use of special substances during the procedure: sclerosing agents, injected into the lumen of the affected vein and which lead to the adhesion of the vessel walls. This procedure allows you to remove the venous vessel from the circulatory system, which prevents the development of pathologies. This technique is used very rarely in case of a serious form of violation.
Phlebectomy consists in removing the affected area of the venous vessel. Most often, this method is used to identify lesions of the superficial veins, but in some cases it is applicable in the treatment of deep venous vessels of the extremities.
Laser coagulation is a type of minimally invasive surgery and is performed using a laser, it allows you to remove the affected area of the vein from the circulatory system by gluing its walls under the action of laser radiation. This method of treatment has received the most positive reviews from patients, as it is practically painless and does not require a long recovery period.
The use of surgical methods of treatment allows you to completely get rid of the symptoms characteristic of varicose veins. And the choice of the operative technique depends on the degree of development of the pathology, the individual characteristics of the patient and is performed by the attending physician.